IntroductionThe
use of natural weight loss supplements falls under the category of
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(CAM), which is defined by the National Institutes of Health as:
"a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices,
and products that are not presently considered to be part of
conventional medicine." The field of quality CAM
research is still quite young, and most of the natural weight loss
products on the market have not been studied by randomized controlled trials. Most research has only been done on single ingredients, not
combinations of supplements. In order to recommend the use of herbs or
other weight loss supplements, there needs to be sufficient good
evidence about a product's quality, safety, and efficacy. Currently,
too little is known, for any product to be recommended by
conventional medicine. Nevertheless, some weight loss supplements
have initial research that appears promising. By clicking on any of the
natural weight loss pills below, you can see scientific information on
which ones may have benefits as well as known side effects. It
is commonly believed that any natural or herbal product is completely
safe. As mentioned above, these natural weight loss products can have
side effects. For example, ephedra can cause heart attacks, stroke, and death. In 2004, the FDA banned the sale of ephedra dietary supplements. In addition, some products can interact with prescription drugs. Because of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994,
natural weight loss supplements are not required to prove that they are
safe or that they actually work before they can be sold. Because
the adoption of good manufacturing practices are not mandatory in this
industry, quality and contamination can be uncertain. Chemicals in
prescription medications have shown up in these products. Sildenafil
(Viagra), lovastatin (Mevacor), estrogen, alprazolam (Xanax), and
warfarin (Coumadin) are some examples. To better inform yourself on any natural weight loss supplement listed in the table below, click on each product's name.
| Name | Proposed Mechanism of Action | Main Side Effects | | Apple Cider Vinegar | - | - | | Caffeine | Increase energy expenditure | High blood pressure, fast heart beat, chest pain, restlessness, insomnia | | Cascara | Laxative | Potassium loss, electrolyte imbalances, decreased drug absorption | | Chitosan | Block dietary fat absorption | Block absorption of fat soluble vitamins, may interfere with blood clotting, may cause low blood sugar | | Chromium | Modulate carbohydrate metabolism | Production of free-radicals, rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure | | Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) | Increase fat oxidation or Reduce fat synthesis | Mild to moderate gastrointestinal symptoms | | Dandelion | Increase water elimination | Electrolyte imbalance and increased bleeding | | Ephedra | Increase energy expenditure | High blood pressure, abnormal heart beats, heart attack, stroke, seizure, death | | Ginseng | Modulate carbohydrate metabolism | Abnormal bleeding, fast heart rate; should not be taken by pregnant or breast feeding women and people with kidney failure | | Glucomannan | Increase sense of fullness | Stomach pain, diarrhea, gas, nausea, vomiting | | Green Tea | Increase fat oxidation or Reduce fat synthesis | Bleeding risks, caffeine side effects if not decaffeinated | | Guar Gum | Increase sense of fullness | Stomach pain, gas, diarrhea | | Guggul | Lowers cholesterol and causes release of thyroid hormone | Gastrointestinal upset, interferes with blood clotting, medicine interaction, avoid in pregnancy and thyroid disease | | Hoodia (Hoodia gordonii or P57) | Appetite suppressant | None yet known | | Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) or Garcinia cambogia | Increase fat oxidation or Reduce fat synthesis | low blood sugar, may interact with medicines | Hydroxy- methylbutyrate | Builds muscle | None known | | L-Carnitine | Increase fat oxidation or Reduce fat synthesis | Gastrointestinal symptoms; avoid in liver disease | | Licorice | Increase fat oxidation or Reduce fat synthesis | low potassium, high blood pressure, swelling, risk of bleeding, avoid in pregnant and breast feeding women | | Psyllium | Increase sense of fullness | Diarrhea, stomach cramps, constipation, bowel obstruction | | Pyruvate | Increase fat oxidation or Reduce fat synthesis | Gas, bloating, diarrhea | |
Salacia root | Acts on
multiple cell receptors and processes | Unknown
but appears to be minimal | | Spirulina (Blue-green algae) | Appetite suppressant | Avoid in people with phenylketonuria (PKU) | | St. John's Wort | Enhanced mood | Hypertensive crisis, mania, drug interactions, should be avoided by pregnant women | | Vitamin B5 | Increase fat oxidation or Reduce fat synthesis | Gastrointestinal symptoms | | Yohimbine | Increases energy expenditure | Fast heart rate, high blood pressure, anxiety, tremors, panic attacks |
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It is
important you discuss any weight loss or exercise plan with your
doctor.
Only you and your physician can decide what is best for you. Some
people have certain conditions that prevent them from doing all
exercises, and goal body weights may be different for different people.
You need to discuss all these things with your physician before
starting any weight loss or exercise program. This article was
written by John
Vickery, MD.
References http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/
(accessed on 3/29/08) Aust Fam Physician. 2006 Aug;35(8):605-6. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Nov 1;70(9):1731-8. Med Lett Drug Ther 2008; 50:9
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