Tips on Low Calorie Dieting
Portion Distortion
We are eating more today than we used to. Restaurant servings
and prepackaged food servings are getting bigger. In 1955, the biggest size of
French fries at McDonald’s had 210 calories. In 2002, the biggest size of fries
had 610 calories. Portion sizes in the Joy of Cooking cookbook have been
growing since 1970. What is happening is that people are getting a distorted
picture of what a reasonable serving size should be, and people are eating more.
The portion sizes from the
Food Pyramid are much smaller than what the average person eats. As an
example, the
USDA recommends a serving of fries to be 1 ounce which has only 80 calories.
This is obviously smaller than what you get at a fast food restaurant. It is not
just at restaurants, but it happens with foods you buy at the grocery store. The
Food Guide Pyramid says a serving of pasta or rice is one half of a cup. The
food labels on most packages of pasta or rice say that one full cup is a
serving.
It is getting harder to eat the right portions of food. You
must keep up with the total calories yourself in order to keep it under control.
When estimating portions, you can think of common items. Here are some examples:
A cup of rice or pasta is about the size of a fist; A 3 oz serving of meat is
like a deck of cards; A baseball is the same a medium sized piece of fruit; And
a medium potato should be about the size of a computer mouse.
The National Heart Lung Blood Institute has an online activity on portion
distortion.

Fat Content
The main sources of calories in food come from
fat,
carbohydrates, and
protein. Fat has about twice as many calories as carbohydrates or proteins.
Fat calories from food is more easily stored as fat in your body than calories
from carbohydrates or protein. However, some fat is essential for a healthy
diet.
Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) have beneficial effects.
It is recommended that 25-30% of daily calories come from
fat. Also, fat makes food taste better. For any long-term weight management,
food fat in moderation is much more realistic than trying to eliminate as much
fat from your diet as possible. People stick to these types of diets better, so
they lose more weight and keep it off.
Be careful when a foot says that it is low fat. Some low fat
foods have extra carbohydrates or sugars. This means they can have about the
same or even more calories. For example, a small regular blueberry muffin can
have 138 calories, and a low-fat blueberry muffin of the same size can have 131
calories.
For people in the NWCR, they found that fat control was an
important part of their weight loss programs. It is easier to count fat grams
than percent calories of fat. First figure out how many calories you need and
multiply it by 30%. Then divide that number by 9.4. This is how many grams of
fat you can eat per day. Remember, however, that’s it’s really the total
calories that matter.
Counting fat grams is a way to help control calories.
Soft Drinks and Drinks with Added Sugar
This is one of the best and easiest ways to cut down on
calories. Sodas and other sweet beverages have a lot of calories, and if they
are consumed at each meal, the calories can add up. Simply by switching to diet
sodas, which typically have no calories, and by using artificial sweetener
instead of real sugar in things like tea and coffee can greatly reduce your
daily calorie intake.
Liquids also do not make you feel full like solid foods do.
This makes you want to drink more of them. They tend to lack a lot of vitamins
and nutrients, making them “empty calories.”
Fruits and Vegetables
Eating more fruits and vegetables is one of the best things
you can do for your health and weight loss. They are less dense in calories than
most of the other foods we eat. They also have fiber which helps us to feel
full.
By adding vegetables to entrées (for example,
putting a tomato slice on a sandwich), we can make our meals more filling while
adding minimal calories. The nutrients and fiber provided by fruits and
vegetables are also great for your health. The average person should eat 4-5
servings of fruits or vegetables per day.
Eating Out
We are eating out more than we used to. In 1970, people used
to spend 25% of their food budget on eating out. In 1995, people spent 40% of
their money on food by eating out. Commercially prepared foods generally have
more fat and calories than meals fixed at home.
Return to
Diets,
Counting Calories, or the
Home Page.
It is important you
discuss any weight loss or exercise plan with your doctor. Only you and
your physician can decide what is best for you. Some people have
certain conditions that prevent them from doing all exercises, and goal
body weights may be different for different people. You need to discuss
all these things with your physician before starting any weight loss or
exercise program.
This
article was written by
John
Vickery, MD.
References
“Dietary therapy for obesity” UpToDate version 15.3
Prim Care Clin Office Pract 2003;30:301-316
“Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult
Treatment Panel III): Executive Summary” NIH Publication No. 01-3670 at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/atp3xsum.pdf

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